Is your iPhone leaving any carbon footprint on the Earth?

Idea Exchange – Karen Ho

Apple Inc. unveiled its plan to become carbon neutral across its entire business, manufacturing supply chain, and product life cycle by 2030. The company is already carbon neutral today for its global corporate operations, and this new commitment means that by 2030, every Apple device sold will have net zero climate impact.

This would have caused a ripple impact along Apple’s supply chain.

According to the company’s Environmental Progress Report published in July, more than three-quarters of the emissions from making Apple’s products come from their suppliers. In order to achieve this goal, Apple would have to get help from their major suppliers. That includes Taiwanese electronics giants like TSMC and Foxconn, which still get about 90% of their power from non-renewable sources.71 of Apple’s hundreds manufacturing partners in 17 different countries have committed to 100% renewable energy for Apple production. Their Supplier Clean Energy Program now has 7.8 gigawatts of clean energy commitments. Once completed, these commitments will avoid over 14.3 million metric tons of Carbon Emissions annually—the equivalent of taking more than 3 million cars off the road each year.

Taiwanese companies make up a significant proportion of Apple’s suppliers worldwide because of their dominance of sectors such as contract manufacturing and made-to-order semiconductors.

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSMC)., which exclusively makes cutting-edge chips for Apple’s iPhones and iPads, and used renewable energy and credits for 6.7% of its power in 2019, has committed to producing renewable energy for its entire operations by 2050, according to their press releases to join RE100 also from July. RE100 is the global corporate renewable energy initiative bringing together hundreds of large and ambitious businesses committed to 100% renewable electricity.

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., also known as Foxconn, which assembles more than 100 million iPhones annually, will be installing solar panels on the roofs and in places like Henan province in China, where coal is still the dominant source for power. The company had installed 224 megawatts of clean energy by the end of 2019, up from 33 in 2017, the company said in its sustainability report.

The morale of this story is that customers can make a positive impact to change how their suppliers run the business, and in this case, leaving no carbon footprint to protect our Mother Earth.

Note: This is not an advertisement for Apple Inc.

Sources:
https://www.apple.com/hk/en/newsroom/2020/07/apple-commits-to-be-100-percent-carbon-neutral-for-its-supply-chain-and-products-by-2030/

https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Progress_Report_2020.pdf

https://www.honhai.com/s3/reports/CSR%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A%E6%9B%B8/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E7%89%88/2019%E9%B4%BB%E6%B5%B7%20CSR%20report_en.pdf

https://www.tsmc.com/csr/en/update/greenManufacturing/caseStudy/37/index.html

https://www.there100.org/re100


FoE (HK) welcomes Hong Kong Exchange & Clearing Limited’s (“HKEX’) initiatives to publish a consultation paper seeking public feedback on proposals to introduce a paperless listing and subscription regime, suggesting all listing documents in a new listing to be published solely in an electronic format, as we aim to help mitigate climate change by saving papers and reducing carbon emission.

Learn more about us supporting eIPO appeal in HERE.

Green and Sustainable Banking – A breathing point without mask in COVID-19

Mostafa Monira Firdouse, Green Finance Advisor of Friends of the Earth (HK)

The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) has recently published its White Paper on Green and Sustainable Banking, as well as a circular to share a range of practices adopted by major authorized institutions (AIs) for managing climate risks (7 July Circular). These form part of a series of initiatives by the HKMA that are intended to help shape a greener and more climate-resilient banking system.

At the same time, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKEX) announced plans to launch the HKEX Sustainable and Green Exchange (STAGE) on June 18th. This platform intended to act as a central hub for data and information on sustainable and green finance in Asia.

In my view, these remarkable initiatives are timely and hope it will be implemented successfully.  

‘The white paper’ – how much it can generate greener and sustainable financing:

At the beginning, HKMA conducted a survey in April 2019 to understand AIs’ (Authorized Institution’s) awareness of and progress in developing green and sustainable banking (please refer to Part III of this paper for more details of the survey). On a question about the potential benefit of developing green and sustainable banking business, “corporate image and reputation benefits” was considered by the most AIs (Authorized Institution’s) as significant (68%), followed by “more business opportunities and new income sources” (66%), “meeting customers’ demand” (62%) and “portfolio diversification” (52%).

Honestly, I am impressed to see the level of awareness, I believe Mangkhut taught us a lot.

In the white paper, the HKMA also provides a summary of its observations; including a range of practices adopted by financial institutions, set out under each of the relevant guiding principles. AIs are recommended to consider these practices when developing their climate risk management framework. They should take into account the nature, scale and complexity of their businesses, and ensure that their risk management framework is proportionate and fit for purpose.

AIs are also reminded to note the importance of being agile when managing climate risks, which are products of multiple interacting forces (for example, natural, technological and societal) and are therefore inherently uncertain and prone to changes. They should keep abreast of the latest standards on climate risk management and make adjustments to their approach based on actual developments.

Specially, I am looking for implementation of nine guiding principles on governance, strategy, risk management and disclosure.

What I am missing;

Divestment: Climate change needs immediate action on divestment in certain sector, however, the divestment plan is not in white paper.

Sector Selection: No indication on sector categorization for climate focus investment.

Collaboration: As we know ESG investment is already pretty established in Hong Kong. HKEX listed companies are mandatory ESG scrutiny. Besides. HKEX’s STAGE, aiming to act as a central hub for data and information on sustainable and green finance in Asia. So, are the AI’s collaborating with HKEX for data and information?


Visit www.foe.org.hk for more news about Friends of the Earth (HK)!
Green Finance Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/greenfinancefoehk/
FoE (HK) LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/friends-of-the-earth-hk/

我們的危機感足夠嗎?─從社會責任債券引起的反思

香港地球之友董事 麥礎允

從2020年初到現在,筆者留意到市場上有關可持續金融的資訊好像增加了。筆者認為,2019冠狀病毒病令社會大眾開始更留意到社會責任的重要性,而且各個國家都有逼切的需要去使用社會責任債券等工具作為融資渠道,去負擔日漸增加的醫療和其他各種開支。

根據國際資本市場協會數據,截至2020年上半年,在全球資本市場上的可持續金融工具(綠色/社會責任/可持續債券)發行量約為1300億美元,其中綠色債券所佔的份額仍然是所有工具當中之首,但其次已經是社會責任債券,而社會責任債券在2020年上半年經歷了相對高速的增長。

這個現象不禁令筆者反思,我們是否只會在有重大影響的事情發生了以後,才會體會到未雨綢繆的重要性?對於新型病毒的出現,人類社會尚且可以利用醫療科技研發疫苗去應對。如果我們的環境受到不可逆轉的破壞,我們還有方法去應對嗎?如果我們現在還不加緊將資源投放在環境保護上,到時還來得及嗎?

筆者希望,這大本年的疫症肆虐可以令社會大眾開始反思這些看起來「這麼近那麼遠」、但其實跟我們有切身關係的課題。希望現在綠色金融的發展,可以成為一個契機,讓我們正視地球先生的慢性病,使它不會像2019冠狀病毒病一樣忽然出現,殺大家一個措手不及。


更多最新消息及資訊,請瀏覽香港地球之友網站www.foe.org.hk
綠色金融Facebook專頁: https://www.facebook.com/greenfinancefoehk/
香港地球之友LinkedIn專頁: https://www.linkedin.com/company/friends-of-the-earth-hk/

E/S/G真的一樣重要嗎?

香港地球之友綠色金融顧問 黃思靈

時常聽到ESG(即環境Environment、社會Social及管治Governance),未知這三個元素在大家心目中是否都一樣重要?筆者最近看了一些資料,才發現跟原有的想法大有差異。

ESG所說的其實都是風險管理。不同行業的公司面對ESG這三大支柱下的不同主題(或考慮)敏感度均不一致。比如說,「環境風險」對一家主要靠燃油或燃煤生產電力的發電廠來說很重要,因其是否符合監管機構對公司於環境保護方面的要求,除了可能影響成本與盈虧,更嚴重的甚至會導致發電廠能否繼續維持經營權;但同樣的「環境風險」對銀行來說重要性則較低,反之「管治」不當帶來的風險可能更高。

而且,如上述提到的發電廠例子,即使其已經比別的行業為環境保護作出更多的關注,假如只根據公司的行為來評價ESG,評分可能很高,然而大家都會同意發電廠對環境極具破壞性,無論其做了多少,都只屬於事前的防禦措施或事後的彌補。所以一般來說,評級機構會再按行業對公司的ESG分數加以調整,以增強不同行業公司之間的可比較性。

因此,在各種考量下,ESG這三大元素在不同(行業)公司裡的「份量」幾乎不可能統一。每個市場、每個社區以至每個人對這些元素重要性的看法亦有分歧。難怪目前ESG評級機構或標準仍是五花八門,未有一個飽受各方認可的準則。

與其要當ESG評審的權威,筆者建議這些評級機構倒不如提供更多和ESG相關的數據,利便各人能從自己的立場篩選相關的指標再組成各自的評分標準,大大提高數據的可使用性,也幫助推動ESG在社會的發展。


Visit www.foe.org.hk for more news about Friends of the Earth (HK)!
Green Finance Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/greenfinancefoehk/
FoE (HK) LinkedIn page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/friends-of-the-earth-hk/

內地綠債改革 香港綠債何去何從?

【意見交流園地】團結香港基金副總幹事 黃元山、研究員 江俊燊

綠色債券向來飽受「漂綠」質疑,畢竟要界定所謂綠色項目究竟是深綠、淺綠抑或只是「扮綠」並不容易。驟眼看來,「何謂綠色」是個言人人殊的大哉問,但其實國際上早有不同標準,嘗試為綠色下一個定義。這些標準固然不可能盡善盡美,但至少為「何謂綠色」提供了一個討論的基礎。

中國綠債標準修訂 三大要義

在中國內地,綠色債券的標準主要有二,分別是中國金融學會綠色金融專業委員會的《綠色債券支持項目目錄(2015年版)》(下稱2015年版目錄)以及發改委的《綠色債券發行指引》。

近日,人民銀行、發改委和中證監聯合發布《綠色債券支持項目目錄(2020年版)》(下稱2020年版目錄)的徵求意見稿,當中包含不少重要修訂,勢必促進國內外綠色標準的融合。香港作為內地的離岸綠債發行中心,不可不察。

是次內地綠債改革,主要意義有三:

首先,是內地綠債標準與國際標準的接軌。

與國際接軌 統一國內標準

長久以來,內地綠債標準與國際標準的一個主要分歧在於潔淨煤(clean coal)的使用。內地一直將潔淨煤項目界定為綠色融資範疇之內,但國際投資者普遍不承認潔淨煤屬綠色項目。今次修訂的一大重點,就是將潔淨煤以及其他化石燃料相關項目從目錄中剔除,勢將增加國際投資者對於中國綠色債券的興趣。

其次,是國內綠債標準的統一。此前國內不同類型的債券各自參照上述兩個略有不同的標準,而2020年版目錄為市場提供了一個統一的標準。這將推動內地綠債市場融合,讓投資者更容易基於一個統一標準去評估綠色項目。

最後,是綠色項目定義的寬度和深度。一方面,2020年版目錄擴充了2015年版目錄的綠色項目範疇,例如增添了綠色服務這一類別,將有助擴大綠債市場。另一方面,2020年版目錄亦增加了更多技術細節,並且提高了要求,例如太陽能光伏發電,2015年版目錄要求多晶矽電池組件光電轉化效率≥15.5%,2020年版目錄則將此要求提高到17%。

2019年,內地機構在香港發行的綠債佔香港總發行量79%,反映內地發行人對於香港成為綠債金融中心的重要性;與此同時,香港綠債發行量有81%為美元債,反映香港綠債集資主要面向國際投資者。作為內地與國際投資者之間的橋樑,香港的綠債標準必須緊貼內地和國際發展。

港綠債總發行量 內企佔79%

現時香港政府主要支持香港品質保證局的《綠色金融認證計劃》標準。例如政府的《綠色債券資助計劃》,要求發行人透過香港品質保證局的《綠色金融認證計劃》獲取綠色債券認證,而香港政府的首次綠債發行,亦尋求了品質保證局的綠色債券認證。然而,隨着內地和國際標準發展,尤其是近期的內地《綠色債券支持項目目錄(2020年版)》和歐盟的《可持續金融分類方案》,以及中歐雙方就調和中歐綠色金融標準正進行的討論,香港或許是時候考慮進一步擁抱國際標準,並思考自身在國際標準發展中的角色。

內地與國際橋樑 港標準須反思

除了被動地採納和鼓勵發行人使用國際標準,香港亦可考慮善用自身經驗,參與國際標準發展的討論。例如香港在綠色建築方面經驗豐富,綠色建築亦佔本地綠色債券發行量超過6成。在相關國際標準的發展過程中,香港或可貢獻其經驗,形塑這些標準的制定。

金融與實體經濟從來是一體兩面,綠色金融的發展亦與綠色經濟的發展緊密相連。內地綠債項目目錄的修訂,其實反映了政策制定者希望引導資金流向實體經濟的哪些部分。這也帶出了一個問題:香港希望扶持實體經濟中的哪些綠色產業?

港綠色產業貧乏 再工業化有可為

這一問,卻凸顯了香港綠色產業的貧乏。在2019年發行的本地綠色債券中,有61%資金用於低碳建築,其餘廢物處理、交通、水資源、土地、工業、能源各佔5%至8%不等,反映香港本地綠債發行高度集中於建築領域。這很大程度上是由於本地缺乏多元化的綠色產業,而長此下去,這將一方面限制了本地綠債市場的多樣性,另一方面亦較難迎合綠色投資者的分散化需求,不利本地綠債市場發展。

在本年度財政預算案,政府撥款2億元成立低碳綠色科研基金,支持減碳技術和綠色科技的研發及應用,是一個良好訊號。在「再工業化」的主旋律下,政府應更積極推動香港綠色產業發展,並引導綠色金融市場為相關行業提供發展資金。

社會債與可持續債 值得推動

此外,近年除綠色債券外,社會債券和可持續發展債券(即綠色債券和社會債券的結合)亦日漸成長。政府亦可考慮引導市場資金推動社會相關產業,例如醫療產業發展,紓緩人口老化等社會問題,同時推動相關金融市場成長。

回到文章開首,何謂綠色項目固然不是個容易回答的問題,要制定人人認同的標準就更不容易。可幸的是,國際上已有不同標準作為討論的基礎,而香港最近成立的「綠色和可持續金融跨機構督導小組」亦已然承擔起標準制定的重任。無論是香港與國際綠色標準之間的關係,還是香港綠色標準與自身可持續發展規劃的關係,都應該是督導小組需要仔細思考的課題。

文章原載《香港經濟日報》2020年7月21日

Continue reading “內地綠債改革 香港綠債何去何從?”